In this lesson we will discuss the Principles of Design

The principles of design guide how the elements of design work together to create a strong, engaging piece of artwork. In this course, we’ll focus on balance, gradation, repetition, dominance, contrast, harmony, and unity—the ingredients that bring everything together.

Balance

Balance is achieved when visual weight is evenly distributed throughout a piece. There are two main types of balance: symmetrical, where elements mirror each other, and asymmetrical, where different elements work together to feel balanced without being identical.

Gradation

Gradation refers to gradual change that happens in steps or stages. Gradation in size can create a sense of depth and linear perspective, while gradation from warm to cool colors—or from dark to light—creates aerial perspective and movement within your artwork.

Repetition

Repetition adds rhythm and cohesion to your piece. It reflects the natural variation found in organic forms, helping your artwork feel connected and visually pleasing rather than random.

Dominance

Dominance brings excitement and focus by determining where the viewer’s eye goes first. It helps establish a clear focal point and guides the visual story you’re telling.

Contrast

Contrast is created through differences in shape, size, line, and color. These differences help define areas within your piece and add visual interest and energy.

Harmony

Harmony is the gentle counterpart to contrast—think oil and water, carefully balanced. It’s created when contrast, balance, variation, and gradation are thoughtfully woven together so the piece feels unified rather than chaotic.

Unity

Unity is what brings all these ingredients together. It’s the relationship that allows every part of your artwork to work as one—like a well-loved recipe fresh out of the oven. When everything comes together just right, yum is the perfect word. Unity is what transforms your storyline into your story.

Handouts:

The attached handouts are designed to help you better understand how the elements of design are used and woven into your creative decisions. Please download them and work through each exercise at your own pace. Take your time—there’s no rush. Once you feel confident that you’ve absorbed the ideas and explored them in your own work, you’ll be ready to move on to Lesson Three.

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